Pain_scale

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Pain is the Fifth Vital Sign.¹ Pain scales measure patient's pain, using different methods. Pain may be evaluated as a single measure (intensity only) or using several measures (duration and intensity); the Wong-Baker FACES scale as shown above is a commonly used pain scale for pediatric patients and is now used for others; the Brief Pain Inventory uses an interview to assess how pain affects the ability to function in daily life.

List of pain measurement scales

Specialized tests

Notes

^ Walid MS, Donahue SN, Darmohray DM, Hyer LA, Robinson JS (2008). "The Fifth Vital Sign—What Does It Mean?". Pain Practice. doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2008.00222.x.
^ Huskisson EC (1982). "Measurement of pain". J. Rheumatol. 9 (5): 768–9. PMID 6184474.
^ Melzack R (September 1975). "The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods". Pain 1 (3): 277–99. PMID 1235985, http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3959(75)90044-5. Retrieved on 26 May 2008.
^ Gracely RH, Kwilosz DM (December 1988). "The Descriptor Differential Scale: applying psychophysical principles to clinical pain assessment". Pain 35 (3): 279–88. PMID 3226757.
^ Hicks CL, von Baeyer CL, Spafford PA, van Korlaar I, Goodenough B (August 2001). "The Faces Pain Scale-Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement". Pain 93 (2): 173–83. PMID 11427329, http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304-3959(01)00314-1. Retrieved on 26 May 2008. Full-text
^ Jensen MP, Karoly P, O'Riordan EF, Bland F, Burns RS (June 1989). "The subjective experience of acute pain. An assessment of the utility of 10 indices". Clin J Pain 5 (2): 153–9. PMID 2520397.
^ Hartrick CT, Kovan JP, Shapiro S (December 2003). "The numeric rating scale for clinical pain measurement: a ratio measure?". Pain Pract 3 (4): 310–6. doi:10.1111/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x. PMID 17166126.
^ Hardy, J.D.; Wolff, H.G.; Goodell, H. (1952). Pain Sensations and Reactions. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. ASIN = B0006ASZ92
^ Cleeland CS, Ryan KM (March 1994). "Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory". Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. 23 (2): 129–38. PMID 8080219.
^ Walid MS, Hyer L, Ajjan M, Barth AC, Robinson JS Jr. (2007). "Prevalence of opioid dependence in spine surgery patients and correlation with length of stay". J Opioid Manag. 3 (3): 127–132. ISSN 1551-7489. PMID 18027538.
^ Walid MS, Hyer LA, Ajjan M, Robinson JS: Predicting Opioid-Dependence Using Pain Intensity and Length of Pain Suffering in Pre-Spine-Surgery Patients. The Internet J Pain, Symptom Control and Palliative Care. 2007; Volume 5, Number 2.
^ Varni JW, Thompson KL, Hanson V (January 1987). "The Varni/Thompson Pediatric Pain Questionnaire. I. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis". Pain 28 (1): 27–38. PMID 3822493.
^ Ballantyne M, Stevens B, McAllister M, Dionne K, Jack A (December 1999). "Validation of the premature infant pain profile in the clinical setting". Clin J Pain 15 (4): 297–303. PMID 10617258, http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0749-8047&volume=15&issue=4&spage=297. Retrieved on 26 May 2008.
^ Schmidt, Justin O.; Evans, David (1990). Hymenopteran venoms: striving toward the ultimate defense against vertebrates; chapter in Insect defenses: adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 387-419. ISBN 0-88706-896-0.
^ Starr, C.K. (1985). "A simple pain scale for field comparison of Hymenopteran stings". Journal of Entomological Science 20 (2): 225–231.
^ Salmore R (2002). "Development of a new pain scale: Colorado Behavioral Numerical Pain Scale for sedated adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal procedures". Gastroenterol Nurs 25 (6): 257–62. PMID 12488689, http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1042-895X&volume=25&issue=6&spage=257. Retrieved on 26 May 2008.